CLIMATE CHANGE -A GLOBAL ISSUE NEEDS TO BE REDUCED

 We all are witnessing the heat of the sun due to climate change with uncertain rain. Climate change is a serious issue nowadays as the whole economy is affected due to this. The war between Russia and Ukraine has affected a lot in this nature.

MEANING

Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate caused by natural and human factors, such as changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns. 

It is a complex and ongoing issue that needs global cooperation to mitigate and adapt to its effects.

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE CHANGE

Greenhouse gases: The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour, can have an impact on the Earth's climate. These gases trap heat and raise the Earth's temperature, resulting in global warming.

Solar radiation: Changes in the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth can have an impact on climate. For example, an increase in solar radiation can cause warming, while a decrease in solar radiation can cause cooling.

Volcanic eruptions: These can spew large amounts of gases and particles into the atmosphere, temporarily cooling the planet's climate by blocking some of the sun's radiation.

Changes in land use: Human activities like deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture can alter the reflectivity of the Earth's surface, affecting how much solar radiation is absorbed or reflected back into space.

Changes in ocean currents: Changes can have an impact on climate by redistributing heat around the world. The Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, for example, helps to warm Europe's climate by transporting warm water from the tropics to the North Atlantic.

MOST AFFECTED REGIONS

Arctic: The Arctic is experiencing some of the most rapid and dramatic effects of climate change, including melting sea ice, thawing permafrost, and ecosystem changes.

Small island nations: Small island nations are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise and more frequent and severe storms.

Coastal regions: Coastal regions around the world are under threat from sea level rise, erosion, and more frequent and severe storms.

Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as droughts, floods, and food shortages.

South and Southeast Asia:Climate change is causing more frequent and severe heat waves, floods, and storms in South and Southeast Asia.

Coral reefs: Global ocean acidification, warming waters, and more frequent and severe storms pose a threat to coral reefs.

RATE OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE YEARS

One Nation with different climatic conditions at the same time

The percentage of climate change can be calculated by examining greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere as well as global temperature trends. 

Carbon dioxide, the most significant greenhouse gas, has increased by approximately 50% since the pre-industrial era, and global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.1°C (2°F) above pre-industrial levels.

Here are some estimates of global temperature increases by decade since the late 1800s:

1880s to 1890s: 0.0°C

1890s to 1900s: 0.1°C

1900s to 1910s: 0.2°C

1910s to 1920s: 0.2°C

1920s to 1930s: 0.2°C

1930s to 1940s: 0.3°C

1940s to 1950s: 0.2°C

1950s to 1960s: 0.1°C

1960s to 1970s: 0.2°C

1970s to 1980s: 0.3°C

1980s to 1990s: 0.4°C

1990s to 2000s: 0.6°C

2000s to 2010s: 0.7°C

2010s to 2020s: 1.09°C

2022 is projected to be the fifth warmest year on record, with temperatures ranging from 1.1°C to 1.2°C.

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIA

Population:Because of its large population and high levels of poverty, India is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

Temperature rise: Temperatures in India are rising, with some regions experiencing temperatures well above 40 degrees Celsius during the summer months. Heat waves and heat-related illnesses can result as a result.

Monsoons: Climate change is influencing the timing, intensity, and duration of India's monsoon season. Floods and droughts may become more frequent and severe as a result.

Sea level rise: Sea level rise threatens India's long coastline, causing erosion, flooding, and saltwater intrusion into freshwater resources.

Health: Due to air pollution, climate change can have an impact on human health in India, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, and respiratory illnesses.

EFFECTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

The agriculture sector in India is heavily reliant on monsoon rains, and changes in monsoon timing and intensity can have an impact on crop yields and food security.Climate change can affect in the following ways:

Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns: Temperature and rainfall patterns are changing as a result of climate change, which can have an impact on crop growth and productivity. Rising temperatures, for example, can reduce crop yields and cause crop failure, whereas changes in precipitation patterns can cause droughts or floods.

Water scarcity: Climate change is exacerbating water scarcity in many areas, potentially affecting agricultural production. Farmers may struggle to irrigate their crops as water becomes scarcer, or they may be forced to switch to less water-intensive crops.

Pests and diseases: Climate change is leading to changes in the distribution and abundance of pests and diseases, which can impact crop yields. For example, rising temperatures can increase the spread of pests and diseases, while changes in rainfall patterns can impact the timing and severity of outbreaks.

Soil fertility: Climate change is impacting soil fertility by altering nutrient cycles and reducing the availability of key nutrients for plant growth. For example, rising temperatures can increase the rate of decomposition of organic matter in the soil, which can reduce soil fertility.

Extreme weather events: Climate change is leading to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heat waves. These events can cause crop losses, damage infrastructure, and disrupt supply chains.

PREVENTION FROM CLIMATE CHANGE

Reduce carbon emissions: Reducing our greenhouse gas emissions is the most important step we can take to combat climate change. This can be accomplished by shifting to clean energy sources such as wind and solar power and decreasing our reliance on fossil fuels.

Increase energy efficiency: We can reduce our carbon footprint and save money on energy costs by using energy more efficiently. This can be accomplished by constructing energy-efficient homes, using energy-efficient appliances, and reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

Reduce food waste:Food waste contributes significantly to our carbon footprint, and reducing food waste can help to prevent climate change. This can be accomplished by reducing food waste in our homes, advocating for sustainable farming practises, and adopting plant-based diets.

Save water:Water is a valuable resource, and conserving it can help us reduce our carbon footprint. This can be accomplished by utilising water-efficient appliances, repairing leaks, and reducing unnecessary water consumption.

Support Policies:We can also help to prevent climate change by supporting policy changes at the local, national, and international levels, such as carbon pricing, renewable energy mandates, and greenhouse gas emission regulations.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

Carbon Pricing:Carbon pricing policies, such as carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems, place a monetary value on carbon emissions and provide a financial incentive for businesses and individuals to reduce their emissions.

Renewable energy mandates: Governments can establish mandates for the use of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, as well as provide incentives for businesses and individuals to invest in renewable energy.

Energy efficiency standards: To reduce energy consumption and promote energy-efficient technologies, governments can set energy efficiency standards for appliances, buildings, and vehicles.

Research and development funding:Governments can provide funding for research and development of clean energy technologies like energy storage systems and carbon capture and storage technologies.

Land-use policies:Land-use policies, such as those promoting sustainable agriculture and protecting forests, can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote carbon sequestration.

International agreements: Through international agreements such as the Paris Agreement, governments can collaborate to set global emissions reduction targets and coordinate efforts to address climate change.

"SAVE CLIMATE SAVE LIVES"